1. HEX (Hexadecimal) Color Format
HEX notation is the cornerstone of modern web styling. Written as a hash (#) followed by six hexadecimal digits (RRGGBB), each pair ranges from 00 (0) to FF (255). An 8-digit HEX code (#RRGGBBAA) appends a two-digit alpha transparency channel.
2. RGB & RGBA (Additive Light Model)
RGB represents colors produced by digital emissive screens. Values range from 0 to 255 for Red, Green, and Blue. When all channels are 255, the result is pure white (rgb(255, 255, 255)). RGBA extends this with an alpha opacity value between 0.0 and 1.0.
3. CMYK (Subtractive Pigment Model)
CMYK uses Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Key (Black) inks for high-fidelity physical printing. Expressed in percentages (0-100%), inks subtract light bouncing off white paper.
4. HSV & HSL (Human Perception Systems)
Hue (0°-360°), Saturation (0%-100%), and Value / Lightness (0%-100%) make color selection and harmony tuning intuitive for designers and developers.
5. WCAG 2.1 Contrast Standards & Accessibility
Ensuring readable content is vital for digital accessibility. Level AA requires at least 4.5:1 contrast for normal text and 3:1 for large text (≥18pt or 14pt bold). Level AAA demands 7:1 for normal text and 4.5:1 for large text.